Derivational Affixes

Derivation is the process by which a new words is build from a base, usually through the addition of an affix. Derivation creates a new word by changing the category and/or the meaning of the base to which it applies.
For example, the derivational affix -er, combine with verb "teach" to create a noun "teacher".

English Derivational Affixes
 
Suffixes

-able	V  >  A	Able to be Xed’	fixable
-ation	V  >  N	The result of Xing	Realization
-er	V  >  N	One who X’s	Worker
-ing	V  >  N	The act of Xing	The shooting
	V  >  A	In process of Xing	The sleeping giant
-ion	V  >  N	The result or act of Xing	Protection
-ive	V  >  A	Having the property of doing	Assertive
-ment	N  >  N	The act or result of Xing	Adjournment
-al	N  >  A	Pertaining to X	National
-ial	N  >  A	Pertaining to X	Presidential
-ian	N  >  A	Pertaining to X	Canadian
-ic	N  >  A	Having the property of X	Organic
-ize	N  >  V	Put in X	Hospitalize
-less	N  >  A	Without X	Penniless
-ous	N  >  A	The property of having or being X	Poisonous
-ate	A  >  V	Make X	Activate
-ity	A  >  N	The result of being X	Priority
-ize	A  >  V	Make X	modernize
-ly	A  >  Adv	In an X manner	Quietly
-ness	A  >  N	The state of being X	happiness

Prefixes

Ex-	N  >  N	Former X	Ex-president
In-	A  >  A	Not X	Incompetent
Un-	A  >  A	Not X	Unhappy
	V  >  V	Reverse X	Untie
Re	V  >  V	X again	rethink

To test your undersatnding, please do this exercise:

Exercise